SURVEY OF HYBRID EDFA/RAMAN IN C AND L BANDS

SURVEY OF HYBRID EDFA/RAMAN IN C AND L BANDS

Optical amplifiers have had a breakthrough in recent years. Initially, amplification of optical signals was performed passing the optical signal to the electrical domain, then the amplified signal back again to the optical domain. Subsequently, to avoid signal distortion, optical amplifiers arise. The first amplifier of this type was the amplifier SOA, which generated a lot of noise in the signal. The EDFA amplifier, which is based on doped fiber, appears to improve the noise figure with higher gain in the amplification process. Later, Raman amplifiers, which are based on the excitation of nonlinear phenomena in fiber provide greater amplification gain than EDFA and adds the least amount of ASE noise to the amplified optical signal. Hybrid amplifiers are the future of DWDM systems because its high bandwidth gain and low noise figure, allowing to increase system efficiency. This article discusses the different hybrid amplifiers, specifically the HOA RAMANEDFA amplifiers, by analyzing the RAMAN-EDFA-RAMAN configuration, its advantages and disadvantages in current DWDM systems are studied.

DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/rimci.2017.v4.n7.a18

1. M.N Islam. «Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications»-1 Physical Principles, chapter 1. New York: Springer, 2004.
2. H. Kidorf, K. Rottwitt, M. Nissov, M. Ma, and E. Rabarijaona, «Pump interactions in a 100-nm bandwidth Raman amplifier,» IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 530-532, May 1999.
3. K. Motoshima, et al., J. Lightwave Technol., 19, 1759- 1767 (2001).
4. H. Suzuki, M. Fujiwara, and K. Iwatsuki, «Application of super-DWDM technologies to terrestrial terabit transmission systems,» J. Lightw. Tech- nol., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1998-2005, May 2006.
5. B. Dumas, R. Olivares «Transient Link ControlTechnique
6. Applied to Optical Hybrid Amplifier (EDFA+DFRA) cascades,» Optical Society of America, J. OPT COMMUN. NETW. /Vol. 4, No.
7. /November, 2012.
8. S. Singh and R. S. Kaler,» Novel Optical Flat-Gain Hybrid Amplifier for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed System», IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 26, No. 2, January 15, 2014.
9. «Tutorial de Comunicaciones Opticas» [Online]. Available: http://nemesis.tel.uva.es/images/tCO/contenidos/tema2/tema2_8_2.htm. [Accessed: 03-Apr-2016].
10. G. P. Agrawal., Fiber Optic Communication Systems. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2002.
11. DR. Zimmerman, H. Spiekman. «Amplifiers for the Masses: EDFA, EDWA, and SOA Amplets for Metro and Access Applications.» J. Light wave Technol. 22(1):63-70, 2004.
12. P. Jain1, K. Vashist, N. Gupta «Comparison Study of Hybrid Optical Amplifier,» IEEE International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278-0882 Volume 3,
13. Issue 9, December 2014.
14. C. Kenneth. P. Reichmann, Iannone, X. Zhou, N. Frigo and B. R. Hemenway, «240Km CWDM Transmission Using Cascaded SOA- Raman Hybrid Amplifiers With 70- nm Bandwidth» IEEE
15. photonics technology letters Vol.18, No. 2, 2006.
16. S. Bhaskar, M.L. Sharma, Ramandeep Kaur,» Performance
17. Comparison of different hybrid amplifiers for different numbers of channels», (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer
18. Science and Applications, Special Issue on Wireless & Mobile Networks.
19. R. Ronak, A. Vashi, H. Desai and H. Amit. «Modeling of Gain Flattening using EDFAEYCDFA in Cascading Mode» International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science
20. (IJETTCS), Volume 2, Issue 4, July - August 2013.
21. I. Kaur and N. Gupta, «Comparative Analysis of Hybrid TDFA-EDFA and Hybrid EDFATDFA Configurations for 96 Channels DWDM System for S+C Bands», 2014. IEEE.
22. T. Sakamoto, S. Aozasa, M. Yamada, and M. Shimizu, «Hybrid Fiber Amplifiers Consisting of Cascaded TDFA and EDFA for WDM Signals» Journal of lightwave technology, Vol. 24, No. 6, June
24. M. H. Abu Bakar, A. F. Abas, M. Mokhtar, H. Mohamad, and M. A. Mahdi, «Utilization of stimulated raman scattering as secondary pump on hybrid remotely pump L-band Raman/erbiumdoped fiber amplifier,» Laser Phys., vol. 21,
25. no. 4, pp. 722-728, 2011.
26. S. D. Emami, P. Hajireza, F. Abd-Rahman, H. A. Abdul-Rashid, H. Ahmad and S. W. Harun,» Wideband hybrid amplifier operating in s-band region» Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 102, 301-313, 2010.
27. M. M. J. Martini, C. E. S. Castellani, M. J. Pontes, M. R. N. Ribeiro, H. J. Kalinowski, «Multi-pump Optimization for Raman+EDFA Hybrid Amplifiers under Pump Residual Recycling,» International Optoelectronics Conference, p. 117-121, Belém, Brazil, 2009.
28. M. M. J. Martini, C. E. S. Castellani, M. J. Pontes, M. R. N. Ribeiro, H. J. Kalinowski, «Performance Comparison for Raman+EDFA and EDFA+Raman Hybrid Amplifiers Using Recycled Multiple Pump Lasers for WDM Systems,» International Optoelectronics Conference, p. 117 – 121, Belém, Brazil, 2009.
29. S. Singh and R. S. Kaler, «Review on recent developments in hybrid optical amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system», Optical Engineering 54(10), 100901 (October 2015).
30. S. Singh and R. S. Kaler, «Flat gain L-band Raman- EDFA hybrid optical amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system,» IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 250-252, Feb. 1, 2013.
31. S. Singh and R. S. Kaler, «Investigation of hybrid optical amplifiers for dense wavelength division multiplexed system with reduced spacing at higher bit rates,» Fiber Intege. Opt. 31(3), 208-220 (2012).
32. M. N. Guo et al., «Single-wavelength-pump bidirectional hybrid fiber amplifier for bi-directional local area network application,» Opt. Commun., vol. 284, no. 2, pp. 573-578, 2011.
33. S. Singh and R. S. Kaler, «Performance evaluation of hybrid optical amplifier for high speed DPSK modulated optical signals,» J. Opt. Eng., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 096102-1-096102-3, 2013.